Abstract | The upland pastures in the western mountain chain of Northern Asian nation square measure historically utilized by mobile pastoralists for placental mammal grazing throughout summer. Since the late 1980s, these pastures are used for off-season vegetable cultivation that results in modification of the normal mobile pastoral system. This study was disbursed in Naran vale in 2015, to know the agricultural land use changes throughout the past 3 decades and their impacts on the ancient mobile pastoral system. For this purpose, democratic discussions, international Positioning Systems (GPS), and Geographic systems (GIS) were accustomed establish and record land use changes throughout the past 3 decades. Detail interviews were conjointly conducted with mobile and semi-nomadic pastoralists to spot and evaluate the impacts of agricultural land-use changes on their pastoral activities. The result shows that since the late 1980s money crops cultivation extended from 2880 m signing (above ocean level) to 3500 m signing over 1887 angular distance of grazing land in Buhrawai. This rapid climb of money crops cultivation has reduced the out there law by twenty third in Buhrawai. The overgrowth of cultivation in social venues affected the placental mammal grazing pattern in terms of motility grazing and open quality inside the pastures. This light-emitting diode decreases social venues forty-three.7% quality routs thirty-seven. 5% and herd size by sixty.4% for each team severally. Analysis of gender-based family labor distribution throughout the past thirty years shows that social labor (male and female) older fourteen to sixty considerably (P <0.01) reduced throughout the past thirty years and partially shifted to cropping. The male social labor reduced forty.2% in semi-nomadic pastoralists and eight in mobile pastoralists. equally the feminine social labor reduced fifty-four. 3% in semi-nomadic and thirty-two. 2 in mobile pastoralists.Naran kaghan tour packages This reduction is very ascertained in the social labor of semi-nomadic pastoralists followed by mobile pastoralists. it's finished that because of these irrational agricultural land-use changes, the current mobile pastoral system is in the transition from pure nomadism to business vegetable farming in upland areas and this has exposed the normal mobile life to socio-economic and environmental vulnerability in upland areas.
Received | Gregorian calendar month thirty, 2016; Accepted | August twenty-nine, 2016; printed | Sep twenty-eight, 2016
Correspondence | Muhammad Khurshid, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of an urban center, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, Pakistan; Email: Khurshed75@live.com
Citation | Khurshid, M., M. Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim, and W. Rashid. 2016. Impacts of agricultural land-use changes on the mobile pastoral system in Naran vale of Western mountain chain Northern Asian nation. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, thirty-two (4): 282-288.
DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016/32.4.282.288
Keywords | money cropping, Grazing, Livelihood, Mountains, Pastures placental mammal
Introduction
Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) is that the largest and ecologically various mountain that extends 3500 metric linear units across eight Asian countries as well as Northern Asian nations (Shikui et al., 2010). High mountain pastures of the mountain range and Himalaya (HKH) square measure the key components of pastoral land use, that square measure historically utilized by mobile pastoral and agro-pastoral communities throughout the summer season (Ning et al., 2014). These pastoralists square measure exploiting high mountain pastures in summer and lowland pastures in winter over the annual seasonal cycle (Kreutzmann, 2004). throughout the past 3 decades, these highland pastoral square measures are extensively used for money crops (potatoes and peas) cultivation. The key grazing niches (valley’s bottom) at one time used for placental mammal grazing square measure occupied by this agriculture encroachment and has to place nice pressure on the ancient mobile pastoral system (Galvin, 2009). This continuous growth of agriculture over grazing land within the mountains could manufacture vital ecological issues and is limiting assets for property livelihoods, as ascertained in several mountainous spaces of the world (Nori and Gemini, 2011).
The cultivation of off-season money crops expands over high mountain pastures of the western mountain chain, as these pastures square measure utilized by pastoral communities for placental mammal grazing (Bhasin, 2011; Tiwari, 2000). This offseason crop cultivation is driven by a socio-economic modification from subsistence placental mammal cultivation to a lot of market primarily based economy generated by money cropping. The money cropping square measures any intrusive pastoral niches within the uplands of the mountain chain because of improved accessibility i.e. road and transport networks between high and lowland consumption centers (Tulachan, 2001). The prevalence of money cropping over pasture land cons
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